1. Lareau SC, Fahy B, Meek P, Wang A. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(1):P1-P2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.1991P1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30592446 [DOI] [PubMed]

2. Crighton EJ, Ragetlie R, Luo J, To T, Gershon A. A spatial analysis of COPD prevalence, incidence, mortality and health service use in Ontario. Health reports. 2015; 26(3): 10.

3. Lee YM. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: respiratory review of 2014. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2014;77(4):155-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2014.77.4.155 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368660 [DOI] [PubMed]

4. May SM, Li JT. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: healthcare costs and beyond. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2015;36(1):4-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2015.36.3812 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562549 [DOI] [PubMed]

5. Quaderi SA, Hurst JR. The unmet global burden of COPD. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom. 2018;3:e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2018.1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29868229 [DOI] [PubMed]

6. Mirshekari N, Vali L. A Survey on the Health Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Kerman in 2016. J Military Med. 2018;20(4):391-401.

7. Rennard SI, Locantore N, Delafont B, Tal-Singer R, Silverman EK, Vestbo J, et al. Identification of five chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subgroups with different prognoses in the ECLIPSE cohort using cluster analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(3):303-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201403-125OC www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25642832

8. Antoniu SA, Petrescu E, Stanescu R, Anisie E, Boiculese L. Impact of fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from an exploratory study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016;10(1):26-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753465815617707 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26596633 [DOI] [PubMed]

9. Janssen DJ, Wouters EF, Spruit MA. Psychosocial consequences of living with breathlessness due to advanced disease. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2015;9(3):232-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000146 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26125305 [DOI] [PubMed]

10. Tselebis A, Pachi A, Ilias I, Kosmas E, Bratis D, Moussas G, et al. Strategies to improve anxiety and depression in patients with COPD: a mental health perspective. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:297-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S79354 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929625 [DOI] [PubMed]

11. Mi E, Mi E, Ewing G, Mahadeva R, Gardener AC, Holt Butcher H, et al. Associations between the psychological health of patients and carers in advanced COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:2813-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S139188 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033562 [DOI] [PubMed]

12. Willgoss TG, Yohannes AM. Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. Respiratory Care. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.01862 [DOI]

13. Hosseini S, Rezazadeh R, Karimani M. Study on prevalence of panic attack and the rate of anxiety in the patients under examination of pulmonary performance in Imam khomeini hospital. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2003;13(38):59-66.

14. Amiri H, Monzer K, Nugent K. The Impact of Anxiety on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Psychology. 2012;03(10):878-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.310132 [DOI]

15. Gado O, Basiony L, Ibrahim M, Shady I, Affara N. Anxiety-depressive Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Impact on Outcome. J Depression & Anxiety. 2015;04(02). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000181 [DOI]

16. Wells JM, Estepar RS, McDonald MN, Bhatt SP, Diaz AA, Bailey WC, et al. Clinical, physiologic, and radiographic factors contributing to development of hypoxemia in moderate to severe COPD: a cohort study. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16(1):169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-016-0331-0 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903260 [DOI] [PubMed]

17. Miłkowska - Dymanowska J, Białas AJ, Górski P, Piotrowski WJ. The evaluation of home oxygen saturation for prediction of acute exacerbations of COPD. 2017:PA1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.PA1101 [DOI]

18. Milkowska-Dymanowska J, Bialas AJ, Obrebski W, Gorski P, Piotrowski WJ. A pilot study of daily telemonitoring to predict acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Med Inform. 2018;116:46-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.04.013 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887234 [DOI] [PubMed]

19. Kent BD, Mitchell PD, McNicholas WT. Hypoxemia in patients with COPD: cause, effects, and disease progression. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2011;6:199-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S10611 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21660297 [DOI] [PubMed]

20. Weldam SWM, Schuurmans MJ, Zanen P, Heijmans M, Sachs APE, Lammers JJ. The effectiveness of a nurse-led illness perception intervention in COPD patients: a cluster randomised trial in primary care. ERJ Open Res. 2017;3(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00115-2016 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29250529 [DOI] [PubMed]

21. Moradyan T, Farahani M, Mohammadi N, Jamshidi R. The effect of planned breathing exercises on oxygenation in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Iranian J Cardiovascular Nurs. 2012;1(1):8-14.

22. Gosselink R. Controlled breathing and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Rehabil Res Dev. 2003;40(5 Suppl 2):25-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2003.10.0025 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15074451 [DOI] [PubMed]

23. Sakhaei S, Sadagheyani HE, Zinalpoor S, Markani AK, Motaarefi H. The Impact of Pursed-lips Breathing Maneuver on Cardiac, Respiratory, and Oxygenation Parameters in COPD Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(10):1851-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.407 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30455761 [DOI] [PubMed]

24. Izadi Oonji F, Miranzadeh S, Afazel M, Akbari H. The effect of breath training on arterial O2 sat and respiratory rhythms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. SJKUMS. 2006;11(3):35-43.

25. Valenza MC, Valenza-Pena G, Torres-Sanchez I, Gonzalez-Jimenez E, Conde-Valero A, Valenza-Demet G. Effectiveness of controlled breathing techniques on anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with COPD: a randomized clinical Trial. Respir Care. 2014;59(2):209-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.02565 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23882107 [DOI] [PubMed]

26. Zakerimoghaddam M, Shaban M, Kazemnejhad A, Tawassoli K. The Effect of Applying Respiratory Exercise on Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Hayat Journal. 2006;12(3):17-25.

27. Beck A, Steer R. Relationship between the beck anxiety inventory and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale with anxious outpatients. J Anxiety Disorders. 1991;5(3):213-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(91)90002-b [DOI]

28. Rafiei M, Seifi A. An investigation into the reliability and validity of beck anxiety inventory among the university students. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2013;7(27):37-46.

29. Kaviani H, Mousavi A. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Tehran Univ Med J. 2008;66(2):136-40.

30. Khesht-Masjedi M, Omar Z, Masoleh S. Psychometrics properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory in North of Iranian adolescents. Inter J Educat & Psycho Res. 2015;1(2):145. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2395-2296.152233 [DOI]

31. Mohammadi F, Jowkar Z, Reza Khankeh H, Fallah Tafti S. Effect of home-based nursing pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Community Nurs. 2013;18(8):398, 400-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2013.18.8.398 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225475 [DOI] [PubMed]

32. Evin A, Khojasteh F, Ansari H. The Effect of Hatha Yoga on Anxiety and Self-Efficacy of Primiparous Women in Labor. Complementary Medicine Journal of faculty of Nursing & Midwifery. 2019;9(1):3546-59.

33. Saifi F, Ali Akbari F, Aein F, Drees F. The Effect of Breathing Intervention on Anxiety Levels of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. J Clin Nurs & Midwif. 2018;7(2):170-9.

34. Sari N. Effect of self efficacy pursed lip breathing to decrease tightness and improved oxygen saturation in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Inter J Med Res & Health Sci. 2016;5(3):17-21.

35. Aghili S, Afzali S. The Effect of Yoga Yoga Breathing Exercises on chronic Low Pain, Anxiety, Psychological and Physical Well-being of Women with MS. Health Psychology. 2017;5(20):109-24.

36. Mousavi A, Zehtab-Najafi A, VaezMousavi M. Effects of Yoga techniques on reducing mental symptoms of immobility syndrome in elderly women. Rehabilit Med. 2014;2(4).

37. Amini M, Gholami M, Aabed Natanzi H, Shakeri N, Haddad H. Effect of Diaphragmatic Respiratory Training on Some Pulmonary Indexes in Older People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Iranian J Ageing. 2019;14(3):332-41.

38. Ubolnuar N, Tantisuwat A, Thaveeratitham P, Lertmaharit S, Kruapanich C, Mathiyakom W. Effects of Breathing Exercises in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Rehabil Med. 2019;43(4):509-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.4.509 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31499605 [DOI] [PubMed]

39. Khoshkesht S, Zakerimoghadam M, Ghiyasvandian S, Kazemnejad A, Hashemian M. Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on Severity of Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Preventive Care in Nurs & Midwif J. 2015;5(1):23-36.

40. Mohammadi BolbolanAbad H, Yazdan Nik A, MirMohammad Sadeghi M, Khalifeh Zadeh A. The Effect of Deep Breathing Exercise on arterial blood gases after coronary artery bypass Graftingg (CABG). J Research Develop Nurs & Midwif.10:99-104.

41. Urell C, Emtner M, Hedenstrom H, Tenling A, Breidenskog M, Westerdahl E. Deep breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure at a higher rate improve oxygenation in the early period after cardiac surgery--a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40(1):162-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.10.018 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21146420 [DOI] [PubMed]

42. Yanez-Brage I, Pita-Fernandez S, Juffe-Stein A, Martinez-Gonzalez U, Pertega-Diaz S, Mauleon-Garcia A. Respiratory physiotherapy and incidence of pulmonary complications in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: an observational follow-up study. BMC Pulm Med. 2009;9:36. [DOI] [PubMed]

43. Mohammadimirzaei R, Mirdar S. Effect of inspiratory muscle training at high altitude on energy cost, arterial oxygen saturation and 1500m performance of national team's endurance runners. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. 2016;9(2):1435-46.

44. Westerdahl E, Lindmark B, Eriksson T, Friberg O, Hedenstierna G, Tenling A. Deep-breathing exercises reduce atelectasis and improve pulmonary function after coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2005;128(5):3482-8. [DOI] [PubMed]