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Introduction:‌ In recent years, the attitude of medical students toward learning and evaluation processes is changed.‌ In this regard,‌ new methods of‌ learning and evaluation should be used to actively involve them in such processes.
Objectives: ‌The current study investigated the effect of portfolio on the motivation‌ and academic achievement‌ of students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Material and Methods: ‌The current survey of the six-year medical students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was conducted on 20 subjects selected by‌ the simple sampling method. The‌ data collection tool‌ was a valid and reliable questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.8. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts,‌the impact of portfolio on learning and evaluation. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 14 using statistical tests.
Results: About 80% of the students were within the age range of 23 to 26 years, and 70% were not familiar with the portfolio. Most students believed that the portfolio increased their motivation to learn and participate in group discussions, and enhanced the quality of learning and learning sustain ability. Also, 83.3% of the participants believed that using‌ portfolio‌ can provide opportunities to attempt self-evaluation. Using the Spearman test, a significant difference was observed between the gender, and motivational learning and deep learning (P<0.05)
‌Discussion and Conclusion: Portfolio is a self-evaluation tool using to modify or improve the learning process. Hence, it‌ can be used as a powerful tool in learning and evaluation of students.
 

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Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel type of coronavirus which primarily affects the respiratory system , induces mild pulmonary symptoms (e.g cough and dyspnea), is easily recovered and causes pneumonia in severe cases. It gets to admit the patientsin the intensive care unit. Physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation play an important role in improving respiratory function andclearance of airway secretions by chest physiotherapy and breathing exercises techniques.
Objective: The present study aimed to summarize applied information and make patients and caregivers aware of effective pulmonary physiotherapy methods to reduce symptoms of pulmonary involvement, improve respiratory function and reduce the length of stay in intensive care units.
Results: In this review, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct and SID databases were used to search for articles with keywords suhc as Breathing exercises,/Chest therapy “AND” pulmonary/,Respiratory disease/,COVID-19 OR Coronavirus.
Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the guideline on the treatment of COVID-19 patients released for physiotherapists in March 2020 , cardiopulmonary physiotherapy focuses on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute and chronic respiratory conditions, and improves the physical fitness of those who had the disease. Thus, physiotherapy can play an effective role in respiratory and physical rehabilitation of patients with COVID 19.
 

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Introduction: Natural or human-made disasters are the main reasons for hospital evacuation. Health officials must pre-plan hospital programs for complete or partial evacuation and establish an optimal management structure for the area of ​​operation. In the present study, we outlined some points for dealing with the possibility of hospital discharge. Despite the high risk of the evacuation of intensive care units in crises, service providers in these wards unfortunately do not receive adequate training on the safe and effective evacuation of intensive care units.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the extent of readiness of hospitals to evacuate and transfer patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit in accidents and disasters.
Materials and Methods: In the present review study conducted in 2019, a protocol for evacuating patients in the intensive care unit during disasters has been studied. PubMed and Scopus databases were reviewed. For this purpose, the keywords Disaster, Evacuation, and Intensive Care Unit were used. Then, databases were searched with the help of keywords.
 Results: In the present study, fifteen steps have been considered for before, during, and after the evacuation of an intensive care unit during disasters. These steps are introduced as a protocol according to the papers reviewed.
Discussion and Conclusion: While patients are at risk, the hospital manager often decides on how evacuate facilities for protecting patients and staff. Hospital evacuation had a dramatic effect on staff, family members, the community, and even the country, as well as the consequences for patients. Successful evacuation of the ICU in the event of a disaster requires readiness, participation, effective communication, and leadership by special care providers.

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Introduction: Teaching is very important in the educational system of medical universities. Improving the quality of education of medical students is not possible without changes in teaching techniques. So training can be very effective while using different teaching and learning methods.
Objective: The present study was conducted to compare the effect of teaching through lectures and debates on the learning and satisfaction of nursing students.
Material and Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 2 groups of nursing students in a maternal health lessons at Aja University. Sampling was performed by the census. The lecture method was performed in the control group and debate was applied for the test group. The student satisfaction questionnaire was used. Students’ scores at the end of the semester were an indicator of students’ learning in both methods. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the final scores and satisfaction in two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant difference between satisfaction, ease of receiving answers to questions, spending energy to participate in this method and motivating to the educational method items on two groups.
Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, debate method did not improve students’ grades. It is suggested that this teaching method be used in the postgraduate courses of Aja Nursing School.