Introduction: Conduct disorder is a risk factor for future antisocial behaviors, and evidence suggests the role of temperamental factors in the development and persistence of this disorder.
Objective: This study aimed to test the pettern of structural relationships of affective temperaments with symptoms of conduct disorder with investigating the mediating role of moral disengagement in adolescents.
Material and Methods: The study utilized a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population comprised first and second-period high school students in Urmia during the 2020-2021 academic years. Two hundred and twenty individuals were selected through multistage random sampling and responded to the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, affective and emotional composite temperaments scale, and moral disengagement scale. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 3. 
Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that internalized (β=-0.10; t=-2.48) and stable (β=-0.17; t=-2.17) temperaments have a negative direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder, while the externalized (β=0.30; t=2.62) and unstable temperament (β=0.52; t=2.52) have a positive direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder. Furthermore, internalized (β=0.04; t=2.13) and unstable temperament (β=0.03; t=2.20) have an indirect effect on symptoms of conduct disorder via the mediating role of moral disengagement. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that internalized and stable temperaments can act as a protective factor, while externalized and unstable temperaments can act as a vulnerability factor for conduct symptoms. Moral disengagement also mediates the negative effects of temperaments on conduct symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing temperamental factors in early identification of conduct disorder and the
need to develop skills to address moral disengagement in order to prevent this disorder.